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Bełżec extermination camp
Bełżec (, in (ドイツ語:Belzec)) was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, a key part of the "Final Solution" which entailed the murder of some 6 million Jews during the Holocaust. The camp operated from to the end of . It was situated about south of the local railroad station of Bełżec in German-occupied Poland, in the new ''Distrikt Lublin'' of the semi-colonial General Government territory. The burning of exhumed corpses on five open-air grids and bone crushing continued until March 1943.
Between 430,000 and 500,000 Jews are believed to have been murdered by the German SS at Bełżec, along with an unknown number of Christian Poles and Romani people.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Belzec Death Camp Memorial, Poland )〕 Only seven Jews performing slave labour with the camp's ''Sonderkommando'' survived World War II;〔 and only one of them, became known from his own postwar testimony submitted officially.〔 The lack of viable witnesses who could testify about the camp's operation is the primary reason why Bełżec is so little known despite the enormous number of victims.
==Background==
The village of Bełżec, in the interwar period, was situated between the two major Polish cities in southeastern Poland with the largest Jewish population locally, including Lublin northwest of Bełżec, and the city of Lwów southeast ((ドイツ語:Lemberg), now Lviv, Ukraine). Bełżec fell within the German zone of occupation following the Soviet invasion of 1939 in accordance with the German-Soviet Pact against Poland. Originally, in April 1940 the Jewish forced labor was brought into the area for the construction of military defense facilities of the German strategic plan codenamed Operation Otto against the Soviet advance beyond the common frontier.
In the territory of the so-called Nisko "reservation", the city of Lublin became the hub of the early Nazi expulsions of about 95,000 German, Austrian, and Polish Jews from the West, and the General Government area. The prisoners were put to work by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) in the construction of anti-tank ditches along the transitory Nazi-Soviet border. The Burggraben project was abandoned with the onset of Operation Barbarossa.〔〔Christopher R. Browning, ( ''The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution.'' ) Cambridge University Press, 1995. ISBN 0521558786.〕 On 13 October 1941, Heinrich Himmler gave the SS-and-Police Leader of Lublin, ''SS Brigadeführer'' Odilo Globocnik an order to start Germanizing the area around Zamość,〔 which entailed the removal of Jews from the areas of future settlement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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